Geodetic high-precision measurements in active tectonic areas; example: The Rhinegraben     

Erwin Groten  Carl Gerstenecker  Guenter Hein 《Tectonophysics》1979,52(1-4)

Geodetic measurements in the Rhinegraben area are discussed. Repeated levellings, together with horizontal control data, torsion-balance measurements, very dense gravity coverage, tiltmeter observations and a high-precision gravity test net were available in order to test present concepts of the Rhinegraben structure and sources of recent crustal movements. The ambiguities of levelling data are stressed, but investigations of high-precision levelling data clearly indicate subsidence of several centimetres in the graben area, whereas multivariate studies of the data available on the graben shoulders do not indicate any significant movement on the shoulders themselves.  相似文献   

Mineral phases formed in anoxic sediments by microbial decomposition of organic matter     

Erwin Suess 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1979,43(3):339-352

Microbial decomposition of organic matter in recent sediments of the Landsort Deep—an anoxic basin of the central Baltic Sea—resulted in the formation of a characteristic assemblage of authigenic mineral precipitates of carbonates, sulfides. phosphates and amorphous silica, The dominant crystalline phases are a mixed Mn-carbonate [(Mn_0.85Ca_0.10Mg_0.05)CO₃]. Mn-sulfide [MnS] and Fecarbonate [FeCO₃]. Amorphous Fe-sulfide [FeS]. Mn-phosphate [Mn₃(PO₄)₂] and a mixed Fe-Ca-phosphate [(Fe_0.86Ca_0.14)₃(PO₄)₂] were identified by their chemical compositions only. The variability in composition of these solid phases and their mode of occurrence as a co-existing assemblage constrains the conditions and solution composition from which they precipitated. Estimates of activities for dissolved Fe. Mn. PO₄, CO₃ and S in equilibrium with such an assemblage are close to those found in recent anoxic interstitial water-sediment systems. It is important to have detailed knowledge of the composition and stability conditions of these solid precipitates in order to refine stoichiometric models of interstitial nutrient regeneration in anoxic sediments.  相似文献   

Comparison of Michigan Basin crude oils     

Erwin A Vogler  Philip A Meyers  Wayne A Moore 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1981,45(11):2287-2293

Michigan Basin oils from the Ordovician Trenton, Silurian Niagaran, and Devonian Dundee formations have been geochemically compared by GC, GC-MS, and carbon isotope mass spectrometry. One oil from each formation was selected for detailed analysis which included measurement of individual n-alkane δ¹³C values. The Ordovician and Devonian oils are strikingly similar to one another, yet clearly different from the Silurian oil. This pattern is unexpected because Ordovician and Devonian reservoirs are physically separated by the Silurian strata. From time-temperature considerations, the Devonian oil probably was formed in older strata and has migrated to its present location. Our analyses suggest a common source for the Devonian and Ordovician oils.  相似文献   

Measurements of vertical gravity gradient     

E. Groten 《Journal of Geodesy》1971,45(1):135-136

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Magmenentwicklung und Dioritbildung im synorogen konsolidierten Grundgebirge des Bergsträßer Odenwaldes     

Prof. Dr. Erwin Nickel  Dr. Marino Maggetti 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1974,63(2):618-654

The genesis of synorogeneous, variscian magmatites from the Bergsträsser Odenwald is explained. They are alternating with steep, old metamorphic rocks (schists and schisteous gneisses, partly transformed to plagioclase-blastites). The magmatites are differentiated into an early-orogenic hornblende-basiteseries (gabbro → diorite) and a high-orogenic biotite-flasermagmatite-series (diorite → granite). The hornblende-basite-series is “normally intrusive” with differentiated syntectic members; the biotite-flasermagmatite-series is lithogenic and has been formed by plagioclase-blastesis and anatexis. At the transition to the high-orogenic phase the rocks develop a strong gneissose foliation (due to movements during the emplacement). The structures assimilate, and a protoclastic to primary-gneissic texture is formed. We name the crystalline in this periode of formation briefly “Synorogen”. The diorites from the two series, as well as the dioritoids and aorites (products of “dioritisation”) show converging structures within the Synorogen. The mobile (ultrametamorphic) stage during the dioritisation and granitisation is discussed.  相似文献   

    

E. Groten 《Journal of Geodesy》1968,42(2):227-239

Summary It is shown that the divergence of the spherical harmonics series of the geopotential V at the earth’s surface does not have any limiting consequences for the corresponding finite series in satellite geodesy as well as for the solution of the boundary value problem of physical geodesy if a finite set of observations is used. The usefulness of the multiples series of V for the study of secular variations of the gravity field is stressed. Publ. No. 49, Institut für Astronomische und Physikalische Geod?sie, Technische Hochschule München.  相似文献   

Absence of natural viscous remanent magnetization in multidomain high-titanium magnetites: evidence for domain-wall interactions     

Elizabeth McClelland  Leon Bardot  Patrick Erwin  Norman Charnley 《Geophysical Journal International》2003,154(1):104-116

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Rising methane gas bubbles form massive hydrate layers at the seafloor   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Matthias Haeckel  Erwin Suess  Dirk Rickert 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2004,68(21):4335-4345

Extensive methane hydrate layers are formed in the near-surface sediments of the Cascadia margin. An undissociated section of such a layer was recovered at the base of a gravity core (i.e. at a sediment depth of 120 cm) at the southern summit of Hydrate Ridge. As a result of salt exclusion during methane hydrate formation, the associated pore waters show a highly elevated chloride concentration of 809 mM. In comparison, the average background value is 543 mM.A simple transport-reaction model was developed to reproduce the Cl⁻ observations and quantify processes such as hydrate formation, methane demand, and fluid flow. From this first field observation of a positive Cl⁻ anomaly, high hydrate formation rates (0.15-1.08 mol cm⁻² a⁻¹) were calculated. Our model results also suggest that the fluid flow rate at the Cascadia accretionary margin is constrained to 45-300 cm a⁻¹. The amount of methane needed to build up enough methane hydrate to produce the observed chloride enrichment exceeds the methane solubility in pore water. Thus, most of the gas hydrate was most likely formed from ascending methane gas bubbles rather than solely from CH₄ dissolved in the pore water.  相似文献   

Reply to Laudatio     

Erwin Suess 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2005,94(1):3-4

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Magnetic interaction analysis of basaltic samples and pre-selection for absolute palaeointensity measurements     

Florian Wehland  Roman Leonhardt  Fabienne Vadeboin  Erwin Appel 《Geophysical Journal International》2005,162(2):315-320

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